Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine
Volume 15, Issue 7 , Pages 254-259 , October 2005

Two-Way Interactions Between Inflammation and Coagulation

  • Marcel Levi

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress correspondence to: Marcel Levi, MD, Department Internal Medicine (F-4), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Tel.: (+31)-20-5662171; fax: (+31)-20-6919658.
  • ,
  • Tom van der Poll

References 

  1. Abeyama K, Stern DM, Ito Y, et al. The N-terminal domain of thrombomodulin sequesters high-mobility group-B1 protein, a novel antiinflammatory mechanism. J Clin Invest. 2005;115:1267–1274
  2. Bajzar L, Morser J, Nesheim M. TAFI, or plasma procarboxypeptidase B, couples the coagulation and fibrinolytic cascades through the thrombin–thrombomodulin complex. J Biol Chem. 1996;271:16603–16608
  3. Bernard GR, Vincent JL, Laterre PF, et al. Efficacy and safety of recombinant human activated protein C for severe sepsis. N Engl J Med. 2001;344:699–709
  4. Biemond BJ, Levi M, Ten Cate H, et al. Plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor I release during experimental endotoxaemia in chimpanzees: effect of interventions in the cytokine and coagulation cascades. Clin Sci. 1995;88:587–594
  5. Blasi F, Carmeliet P. uPAR: a versatile signalling orchestrator. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2002;3:932–943
  6. Boermeester MA, Van Leeuwen P, Coyle SM, et al. Interleukin-1 blockade attenuates mediator release and dysregulation of the hemostatic mechanism during human sepsis. Arch Surg. 1995;130:739–748
  7. Choi G, Schultz MJ, Van Till JW, et al. Disturbed alveolar fibrin turnover during pneumonia is restricted to the site of infection. Eur Respir J. 2004;24:786–789
  8. Conway EM, Van de Wouwer M, Pollefeyt S, et al. The lectin-like domain of thrombomodulin confers protection from neutrophil-mediated tissue damage by suppressing adhesion molecule expression via nuclear factor kappaB and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. J Exp Med. 2002;196:565–577
  9. Coughlin SR. Thrombin signalling and protease-activated receptors. Nature. 2000;407:258–264
  10. Creasey AA, Chang AC, Feigen L, et al. Tissue factor pathway inhibitor reduces mortality from Escherichia coli septic shock. J Clin Invest. 1993;91:2850–2856
  11. De Jonge E, Dekkers PE, Creasey AA, et al. Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) dose-dependently inhibits coagulation activation without influencing the fibrinolytic and cytokine response during human endotoxemia. Blood. 2000;95:1124–1129
  12. De Jonge E, Friederich PW, Levi M, et al. Activation of coagulation by administration of recombinant factor VIIa elicits interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 release in healthy human subjects. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2003;10:495–497
  13. Esmon CT. Role of coagulation inhibitors in inflammation. Thromb Haemost. 2001;86:51–56
  14. Esmon CT. New mechanisms for vascular control of inflammation mediated by natural anticoagulant proteins. J Exp Med. 2002;196:561–564
  15. Esmon C. Do-all receptor takes on coagulation, inflammation. Nat Med. 2005;11:475–477
  16. Faust SN, Levin M, Harrison OB, et al. Dysfunction of endothelial protein C activation in severe meningococcal sepsis. N Engl J Med. 2001;345:408–416
  17. Franco RF, De Jonge E, Dekkers PE, et al. The in vivo kinetics of tissue factor messenger RNA expression during human endotoxemia: relationship with activation of coagulation. Blood. 2000;96:554–559
  18. Grey ST, Tsuchida A, Hau H, et al. Selective inhibitory effects of the anticoagulant activated protein C on the responses of human mononuclear phagocytes to LPS, IFN-gamma, or phorbol ester. J Immunol. 1994;153:3664–3672
  19. Hancock WW, Grey ST, Hau L, et al. Binding of activated protein C to a specific receptor on human mononuclear phagocytes inhibits intracellular calcium signaling and monocyte-dependent proliferative responses. Transplantation. 1995;60:1525–1532
  20. Kobayashi M, Shimada K, Ozawa T. Human recombinant interleukin-1 beta- and tumor necrosis factor alpha-mediated suppression of heparin-like compounds on cultured porcine aortic endothelial cells. J Cell Physiol. 1990;144:383–390
  21. Levi M, Ten Cate H, Bauer KA, et al. Inhibition of endotoxin-induced activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis by pentoxifylline or by a monoclonal anti-tissue factor antibody in chimpanzees. J Clin Invest. 1994;93:114–120
  22. Levi M, Van der Poll , Ten Cate H, et al. The cytokine-mediated imbalance between coagulant and anticoagulant mechanisms in sepsis and endotoxemia. Eur J Clin Invest. 1997;27:3–9
  23. Levi M, Dorffler-Melly J, Reitsma PH, et al. Aggravation of endotoxin-induced disseminated intravascular coagulation and cytokine activation in heterozygous protein C deficient mice. Blood. 2003;101:4823–4827
  24. Levi M, Van der Poll T, Buller HR. Bidirectional relation between inflammation and coagulation. Circulation. 2004;109:2698–2704
  25. Libby P, Aikawa M. Stabilization of atherosclerotic plaques: New mechanisms and clinical targets. Nat Med. 2002;8:1257–1262
  26. Loskutoff DJ, Curriden SA, Hu G, et al. Regulation of cell adhesion by PAI-1. APMIS. 1999;107:54–61
  27. Mileno MD, Margolis NH, Clark BD, et al. Coagulation of whole blood stimulates interleukin-1 beta gene expression. J Infect Dis. 1995;172:308–311
  28. Mosnier LO, Griffin JH. Inhibition of staurosporine-induced apoptosis of endothelial cells by activated protein C requires protease activated receptor-1 and endothelial cell protein C receptor. Biochem J. 2003;(Pt):65–70
  29. Nawroth PP, Stern DM. Modulation of endothelial cell hemostatic properties by tumor necrosis factor. J Exp Med. 1986;163:740–745
  30. Okajima K. Regulation of inflammatory responses by natural anticoagulants. Immunol Rev. 2001;184:258–274
  31. Opal SM, Esmon CT. Bench-to-bedside review: functional relationships between coagulation and the innate immune response and their respective roles in the pathogenesis of sepsis. Crit Care. 2003;7:23–38
  32. Osterud B, Rao LV, Olsen JO. Induction of tissue factor expression in whole blood-lack of evidence for the presence of tissue factor expression on granulocytes. Thromb Haemost. 2000;83:861–867
  33. Rauch U, Bonderman D, Bohrmann B, et al. Transfer of tissue factor from leukocytes to platelets is mediated by CD15 and tissue factor. Blood. 2000;96:170–175
  34. Riewald M, Petrovan RJ, Donner A, et al. Activation of endothelial cell protease activated receptor 1 by the protein C pathway. Science. 2002;296:1880–1882
  35. Rijneveld AW, Levi M, Florquin S, et al. Urokinase receptor is necessary for adequate host defense against pneumococcal pneumonia. J Immunol. 2002;168:3507–3511
  36. Robson SC, Saunders R, Kirsch RE. Monocyte-macrophage release of IL-1 is inhibited by type-1 plasminogen activator inhibitors. J Clin Lab Immunol. 1990;33:83–90
  37. Szaba FM, Smiley ST. Roles for thrombin and fibrin(ogen) in cytokine/chemokine production and macrophage adhesion in vivo. Blood. 2002;99:1053–1059
  38. Taylor FBJ, Chang A, Esmon CT, et al. Protein C prevents the coagulopathic and lethal effects of Escherichia coli infusion in the baboon. J Clin Invest. 1987;79:918–925
  39. Taylor F, Chang A, Ferrell G, et al. C4b-binding protein exacerbates the host response to Escherichia coli. Blood. 1991;78:357–363
  40. Taylor FBJ, Chang A, Ruf W, et al. Lethal E. coli septic shock is prevented by blocking tissue factor with monoclonal antibody. Circ Shock. 1991;33:127–134
  41. Taylor FB. Studies on the inflammatory–coagulant axis in the baboon response to E. coli: Regulatory roles of proteins C, S, C4bBP and of inhibitors of tissue factor. Prog Clin Biol Res. 1994;388:175–194
  42. Taylor FBJ, Stearns-Kurosawa DJ, Kurosawa S, et al. The endothelial cell protein C receptor aids in host defense against Escherichia coli sepsis. Blood. 2000;95:1680–1686
  43. Van der Poll T, Levi M, Buller HR, et al. Fibrinolytic response to tumor necrosis factor in healthy subjects. J Exp Med. 1991;174:729–732
  44. Van der Poll T, Levi M, Hack CE, et al. Elimination of interleukin 6 attenuates coagulation activation in experimental endotoxemia in chimpanzees. J Exp Med. 1994;179:1253–1259
  45. Van der Poll T, De Jonge E, Levi M. Regulatory role of cytokines in disseminated intravascular coagulation. Semin Thromb Hemost. 2001;27:639–651
  46. Van der Poll T, Levi M, Nick JA, et al. Activated protein C inhibits local coagulation after intrapulmonary delivery of endotoxin in humans. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005;171:1125–1128
  47. Van Deventer SJ, Buller HR, Ten Cate JW, et al. Experimental endotoxemia in humans: Analysis of cytokine release and coagulation, fibrinolytic, and complement pathways. Blood. 1990;76:2520–2526
  48. Xu J, Qu D, Esmon NL, et al. Metalloproteolytic release of endothelial cell protein C receptor. J Biol Chem. 2000;275:6038–6044
  49. Yamamoto K, Loskutoff DJ. Fibrin deposition in tissues from endotoxin-treated mice correlates with decreases in the expression of urokinase-type but not tissue-type plasminogen activator. J Clin Invest. 1996;97:2440–2451

PII: S1050-1738(05)00123-4

doi: 10.1016/j.tcm.2005.07.004

Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine
Volume 15, Issue 7 , Pages 254-259 , October 2005